The main stock indices of the world
A stock index is an indicator of the stock market that acts as a thermometer: it has the ability to make us see, in a single glance, the majority of the companies in that market. There are multiple indices around the world and they are of great importance to be able to analyze how to vary the price of a series of listed ones with certain characteristics.
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Asia
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is the largest stock market in mainland China. It is governed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CRSC). The Shanghai Stock Exchange is located in Shanghai and was established on November 26, 1990. On July 22, 2019, the first group of 25 companies went public for public trading, marking the successful completion of one of the major Tasks in China's capital market reform. By the end of 2020, 215 companies have been listed on the SSE STAR market with a total market capitalization of 3.3 trillion yuan. The total capital raised by the SSE STAR market amounts to 223.7 billion yuan.
Hang Seng Index (abbreviated: HSI) is Hong Kong's leading Chinese stock index on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX). It is used to analyze the evolution and record daily the changes of the largest Hong Kong companies in the stock market. It consists of 33 companies representing 65% of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Their values are weighted by the capitalization criterion. To be part of the index, the security must be within 90% of companies with the highest capitalization and volume and have been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange for more than 24 months. It was created on November 24, 1969 by the Hang Seng Bank.
It is the most popular stock index in the Japanese market, made up of the 225 most liquid securities listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Since 1971, it has been calculated by the Nihon Keizai Shinbun (Japanese Business Daily) newspaper, from whose initials the name of the index comes.
KOSPI is the South Korean stock index made up of all companies traded on the Korea Stock Exchange "Korea Stock Exchange". It is an index based on market capitalization introduced in 1983.
The KOSPI is an index made up of companies based on their market capitalization, which means that it is a market-weighted index (or capitalization-weighted index). It means that any change in the total market value of all companies in the stock market index would reflect the same change in the value of the index.
At the beginning of 1983, it was trading at a value of 122.52 points. As of November 2020, it has traded above 2300 points. Over the years, it underwent drastic changes in its value.
Europe
Borsa Italiana is one of the main European stock exchanges.
Borsa Italiana was born from the privatization of the securities markets and since 1998 has been involved in the organization, management and operation of financial markets.
Since April 29, 2021, it has been part of the Euronext Group. The main objective of Borsa Italiana is the continuous growth of the market, combined with a constant improvement in efficiency, adaptability to change and transparency.
To date, Borsa Italiana plays an important role with respect to stock exchanges and exchanges of ETFs, Hedged Warrants, Certificates and fixed income instruments. It manages numerous markets, including Stock Markets, Bond and Fixed Income Markets, ETP Market and the Derivatives Market.
IBEX 35 (Madrid, Spain)
The Madrid Stock Exchange was created in 1831, so its almost 190 years of history make it one of the oldest financial institutions in Spain.
It is made up of the 35 most liquid companies that are listed on the Spanish Stock Market Interconnection System (SIBE) on the four Spanish stock exchanges (Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia). It is an index weighted by market capitalization; In other words, like indices such as the S&P 500, not all the companies that comprise it have the same weight.
It is a French stock index, a benchmark for Euronext Paris. The index is a weighted measure according to the capitalization of the 40 most significant stocks of the 100 largest companies traded on the Paris Stock Exchange. Calculation began on December 31, 1987 with a base value of 1000 points. Interestingly, although CAC 40 is made up of French companies, around 45% of the shares are in foreign hands, an extraordinarily high percentage. German investors are the largest part with 21%. Japanese, Americans and British also have an important part.
It is the blue chip stock index of the 30 largest companies in Germany listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Its start date was December 30, 1987 and its initial base value was 1000.
The prices are taken from the Xetra trading platform. According to Deutsche Börse, the operator of the Xetra, the DAX measures the performance of the 30 largest German companies in terms of volume and market capitalization.
It is the benchmark stock index of the London Stock Exchange. It is made up of the 100 companies with the largest market capitalization in the United Kingdom and is an indicator of the financial performance of companies regulated by the UK Companies Act. The index is maintained by the FTSE Group, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group. The index was developed with a base level of 1000 as of January 3, 1984.
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The AEX index, derived from the Amsterdam Exchange Index.
It is made up of the 25 largest capitalization companies listed on the Euronext of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. This is an integrated European market where stocks, bonds, and derivatives are traded, having representation in Belgium, France, Holland, Portugal and the United Kingdom.
This index has a base of 45.83 points referred to January 3, 1983. The values are weighted by the capitalization criterion, although they take into account the level of free float. This index is reviewed annually based on the volume traded
The one that characterizes the Swiss Stock Exchange. It is made up of 20 shares belonging to mid- and large-cap companies and companies, that is, those with the highest prices on the Zurich Stock Exchange.
The SMI was introduced on June 30, 1988 and closed above the symbolic level of 10,000 points for the first time on July 2, 2019.
The securities that make up the SMI represent 80% of the total capitalization of the Swiss stock market, as well as 85% at 90% of the total turnover of the shares of that country and Liechtenstein listed on the SIX Stock Exchange of Switzerland.
The three stocks with the largest market capitalization: Nestlé (food), Novartis (pharmaceutical) and Hoffmann-La Roche (pharmaceutical) accounted for 60% of the index in 2009.
America
The S & P / TSX 60 Index is a list of the 60 largest companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) measured by market capitalization. It is divided into ten different economic sectors and is maintained by the Canadian S&P Index Committee.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the index used to measure the behavior of the New York Stock Exchange made up of 30 companies that generally leaders in its industrial sector in the United States and identified as blue "chip" with high market capitalization and high liquidity, in its most with global operations.
The DJIA is integrated, not only by industrial components, but also by others pertaining to financial services, technology, entertainment and others.
New York Stock Exchange Dow Jones Index is calculated as the price-weighted average of the top 30 US companies that are leaders in their respective sectors and that are listed on that market without serving as an underlying benchmark in any derivatives market.
The S&P 500 or Standard & Poor's 500 index is a stock index that is based on the weight of the market capitalization of the 500 largest companies that are publicly listed in the United States. The index is widely considered the best way to take a look at the largest-cap stocks in the United States.
the S&P 500 uses a market capitalization weight method, giving a higher percentage to companies with a higher market capitalization
It is a United States stock index that collects the 100 stocks of the most important companies in the technology industry sector including hardware and software companies, telecommunications, retail / wholesale and biotechnology listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Both US and international companies can be in the index.
This index does not include financial securities, including investment companies, which sets it apart from other indices such as the S&P 500. The NASDAQ-100 is abbreviated as NDX100. Their corresponding futures are traded on the Chicago Stock Exchange.
The Price and Quotation Index (S & P / BMV IPC) is the benchmark indicator of the Mexican stock market. It is designed to measure the behavior of the 35 largest companies whose shares are bought and sold most frequently on the Mexican Stock Exchange.
These Indices are known as Simple Yield, as they take price fluctuations derived from market movements for their calculation.
It is one of the stock market indices of the BVC or Colombian Stock Exchange (a private limited company, in which securities are registered and publicly traded), this indicator reflects the variations in the prices of the 20 most liquid shares where the value Adjusted Market Capitalization of each company determines its participation within said index. Its initial value was 1,000 points and the first calculation was made on January 15, 2008.
It is the main and most important index of the Caracas Stock Exchange. It contains the 16 largest companies in terms of capital and liquidity in the Venezuelan stock market. This index is calculated from August 28, 1997.
This index was calculated for the first time in 1997. Among the companies that are in the indicator (at the time of writing this article) we can highlight the Banco de Venezuela, Fábrica Nacional de Cemento, Inmuebles y Valores Caracas, Ron Santa Teresa, Telares de Palo Grande, Cemex and Corporación industrial de Energía.
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The sectors are very diverse, among which are universal banking and financial services, manufacturing and construction, electricity, water, gas and other services, telecommunications, and agriculture and processed foods. The IBC, in turn, is made up of an industrial index and another financial index.
It is an indicator that measures the behavior of the stock market and serves to establish comparisons with respect to the returns achieved by the various sectors (industrial, banking, agricultural, mining, public services, etc.) participating in the Lima Stock Exchange, in a given time frame.
It is determined by means of a portfolio made up of the main stocks that stand out the most in the stock market, being selected based on their trading frequency, trading amount and number of transactions around said shares.
The São Paulo Stock Exchange or B3 is the thirteenth largest and most important stock exchange in the world, and the first to hold this position in Latin America, located in the heart of the largest Brazilian city, São Paulo. On average, shares worth R $ 1,221.3 million are exchanged every day (based on 2004 data). Established on August 23, 1890 in the street (rua) November 15, it was a public institution until 1996, when it was established as a civil association. Bovespa is linked to all Brazilian stock exchanges, including the one in Rio de Janeiro, where government securities are exchanged. The rise or fall of Brazilian stocks depends on several factors, such as the direction of monetary policy determined by the SELIC ratio of the Central Bank of Brazil. The main Bovespa indicator is the Bovespa Index (IBovespa). According to Bovespa's own website, around 550 companies are listed on this market.
BVPASA was founded by the National Chamber of Commerce and Services of Paraguay on September 28, 1977 during the government of Alfredo Stroessner. After a long period of no activity, in 1991 Law No. 94/91 of the Paraguayan Securities Market was enacted, by means of which the Legal Framework required for the commencement of stock market operations was created. Also, through it, the market regulator, the National Securities Commission, is created.
Throughout 1992 and part of 1993, BVPASA, thanks to the new Law, consolidated its organizational and technological structure, undertaking a strong training of its officials in the first place, and also of several young Paraguayan professionals who would operate in the new market.
It is also important to note that BVPASA has collaborated intensively in several projects that have subsequently given rise to new laws that in one way or another have optimized operations in the Paraguayan stock market.
It is the main index of the Buenos Aires Stock Market. Its name comes from the agreement reached with the Dow Jones in 2019.1 2
In that same year, after the agreement reached, the methodology and composition of the Argentine stock index was changed. In the case of the S&P Merval index, it was made up of only the 20 Argentine companies with the highest weighting in the index.
This index measures the value in pesos of a portfolio of shares listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. The selection criteria for these shares is based on the volume traded and the number of transactions in the last six months,
It is the main stock index in Chile, prepared by the Santiago Stock Exchange. It corresponds to an indicator of profitability of the 30 stocks with the greatest stock market presence, said list being reviewed annually. In its calculation, the index considers all the changes in capital of each share included in the index, weighted by the relative weight of each of them, said weight being calculated from a formula that considers both the market capitalization and the number of transactions and the free float.
The IPSA has been calculated since 1977, being initially (until 1980) separated into two indices, one of stocks with a high presence (greater than 75%) and those with a low presence (between 30% and 75%).
Until 2002, the IPSA was calculated using the level of the index at the beginning of each year as a base (100), with the companies that comprised it being modified on a quarterly basis. Starting in 2003, the component shares of the IPSA are established on December 31 of each year and that day is used as a base (1000).
Oceania
It is the main stock exchange in Australia. The Stock Exchange began as a separate state stock exchange established in early 1861. Today commerce is entirely electronic and the stock exchange is a public company, listed on its own. The Australian Stock Market as it is now known, resulted from the merger of the Australian Stock Exchange and the Sydney Stock Exchange.
The Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) is one of the world's leading financial markets exchanges based in Sydney, Australia. As a fully functioning stock exchange, ASX provides a number of services, such as listing, trading, clearing, settlement, information and technical services, and post-trade services.
Global
It is a stock index weighted by market capitalization of 1,583 companies worldwide.
It is maintained by MSCI, formerly Morgan Stanley Capital International, and is used as a common benchmark for "world" or "global" equity funds intended to represent a broad cross section of global markets.
The index includes a collection of stocks from all developed markets in the world, as defined by MSCI. The index includes stocks from 23 countries, but excludes stocks from emerging and border economies, making it less global than its name suggests. A related index, the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI), incorporated both developed and emerging countries. MSCI also produces a Frontier Markets Index, which includes 31 other markets.
The MSCI World Index has been calculated since 1969, in several ways: without dividends (price index), with net or gross dividends reinvested (net and gross index), in US dollars, euros and local currencies.
US stocks make the largest weight in the MSCI World Index at 68.52%, followed by Japan (6.45%) and the UK (4.10%). The main sectors within the MSCI World index are Information Technology (22.95%), Financial Services (13.76%) and Healthcare (12.45%). Source: MSCI; As of 10/29/2021
Investors in ETFs can benefit from price gains and dividends from the constituents of MSCI World. Currently, the MSCI World Index is tracked by 17 ETFs.
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